The Odyssey, By Homer - 1388 Words

Is a hero only characterized by their success? If a leader’s last actions carry them to victory, are their flaws unimportant? The Odyssey by Homer narrates the ancient myth of a leader coming home from war in Troy who faces many trials, and despite returning home alone without any of his crew, he is looked upon as a hero for having survived. His ultimately sole success continues to define him, although the bitter truth being that he was the leader of his men when they all perished. As flaws of the all-mighty Odysseus and his crew are presented through their responses to the challenges they experience on their journey, people of the modern world may begin to understand that there exist several flaws that plague all men, whether they live now or lived thousands of years ago, and whether they are leaders or followers. The Odyssey is important in its characters’ responses’ to their trials ability to evoke emotional reactions that cause the reader to ponder their own tendencies by revealing the human nature of pride to be the fuel of the impulsiveness that oscillates fate. The overconfidence of Odysseus, consumed with pride for past successes, evokes anger in the reader and causes them to understand the importance of humility in a world that has gone far but still has far to go. Having defeated Polyphemus, a cyclops, through clever cunning, Odysseus proclaims, â€Å"‘Cyclops—if any man on the face of the earth should ask you who blinded you, shamed you so—say Odysseus, raider ofShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey by Homer1210 Words   |  5 Pages Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey† takes place ten years after the events in â€Å"The Iliad†, to which the Odyssey is an indirect sequel, and the fall of Troy; even though the story is believed to have been composed some time during the eight century B.C.E. it is estimated to be set sometime between 1300 and 1000 B.C.E. in Mycenaean Greece during the Bronze age. In this novel all Greek heroes have returned home after the fall of Troy, except for Odysseus who after a three year jour ney has been held captive by theRead MoreThe Odyssey By The Homer1976 Words   |  8 PagesThe Odyssey is known as one of the greatest western literature in the world. The book covers many details of the relationship between Gods and humans. The author focuses on Odyssey honor, honesty, bravery, creativity, and nobility. Though the Odyssey has received many criticisms compare to the author other best work such as The Iliad, it has also been praised for its sophistication, complexity and thematic consistency. The book talks about Odysseus journey home to find his son and wife. It also talksRead MoreThe Odyssey by Homer1316 Words   |  6 Pagesthe time’s culture appropriately. This has been a necessary course of action, to ensure their writing conveys the quest and its respective elements in a manner that will be understood by the responder in the relevant time period. The texts ‘The Odyssey (Homer 8th Century BC), In the Shadow of No Towers (Art Spiegelman 2004) and T he Picture of Dorian Gray (Oscar Wilde 1890) have appropriated the archetypal quest in their respective time periods to reflect the values of their context. â€Å"The hero venturesRead MoreThe Odyssey, By Homer990 Words   |  4 Pages The Odyssey, written by Homer, is an epic poem that follows the victorious footsteps of Odysseus, a Greek hero, as he begins his journey to return home to Ithaca. The poem takes place between 750 and 650 B.C. in Greece, shortly after the Trojan War between the city of Troy and King of Sparta. Athena, daughter of Zeus and the goddess of wisdom, is a character that appears in disguise throughout the whole story. She controls when to disguise herself and when to make herself known; essentially havingRead MoreThe Odyssey by Homer1172 Words   |  5 Pages Homer’s, The Odyssey spins an exciting tale of war, fantasy, and magic spanning twenty years. However, the thrust of the story focuses on human relationships and Odysseus’s strong desire to reunite with his wife and soul mate, Penelope and their son Telemachus. However, to truly understand his desire return home, one must examine many facets of the epic. What is the significance of the turmoil experienced in the househol d during his absence? Is Penelope a cunning equal and meet spouse for OdysseusRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer1337 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Michael CLAS342 Paper #2 November 28, 2014 The Odyssey is a work by Homer, written to take place ten years after the fall of Troy. In the Iliad Odysseus was not a crucial character, but this particular text follows him around and details his experience after the war. To give some background, He has yet to return to Ithaca in the beginning of the text, away from his wife now for the duration of the battles as well as these ten years following. While he was gone, his palace was overthrown byRead MoreThe Odyssey, By Homer Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesThe Odyssey, a text written by Homer, originates from Ionia (a part of Asia Minor). This epic poem relates the journeys of both Odysseus and Telemachus. During their journeys, they encounter a wide variety of hosts. Telemachus provides Mentes a great meal and is later also given a feast from King Nestor. In addition, King Nestor also gifted Telemachus two horses and a chariot; Athena gave Telemachus the gift of wise advice, for which he used to go on his journey. And as their pat hs crossed in a meetingRead MoreThe Odyssey by Homer1275 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey is one of the two epic Greek poems attributed to Homer. The Odyssey is the sequel of The Iliad and mainly focuses on Odysseus’s return from the battle of Troy to his home, Ithaca. Odysseus’s travels take him beyond the realm of the known world and he encounters many mythological beings, which he has never met before. Every encounter with these creatures in The Odyssey is full of adventures, twists and most important of all, life lessons. If we assume Odysseus’s longRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer829 Words   |  4 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer tells the story of a Greek warrior named Odysseus, who faces challenges placed upon him by the supernatural, or more specifically, the Greek gods and monsters. His journey begins while sailing home from Troy, where Odysseus had won the Trojan war for the Greeks. Odysseus’ ship is forced to dock on many islands, m ost of which have hostile environments. Odysseus serves as the model for an epic hero, a fictional character who possesses many traits admirable to his or her societyRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pages8th century, The Odyssey, is Homer s epic of Odysseus 10-year struggle to return home after the Trojan War. Odysseus defining character traits, such as nobility, courage, thirst for the glory and the appealing confidence in his authority dominated the storyline throughout. The many themes of this epic mainly focus around the Greek hero Odysseus however in my essay I will attempt to analyze hospitality. Hospitality shaped an important part of social interactions in The Odyssey. Although Greek society

NASAs Changing Problem Essay - 613 Words

NASA’s Changing Problems Has anyone ever realized that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is slowly getting shut down for the whole world to see? This is changing NASA very much. It lost its shuttle program, it had budget cuts to missions to earth, and even a cut in education. NASA was founded by Dwight D. Eisenhower. NASA is most known for being the first company to send a person to the moon. It is easy to tell that NASA’s changed and is changing right now. The big question is what the change is happening to. One thing is for sure. This changing in NASA is definitely for the worst. The shuttle program has very drastically changed. The shuttle program is a program of reusable space ships. These shuttles saved The†¦show more content†¦Now NASA’s education budget has been drastically. NASA can no longer sponsor a lot of these things, which, in turn will slow down the process of getting kids interested in space and space exploration, so the USA will have to do that w ithout the helpful monetary support of NASA. This is what is concerning many people at NASA about what the future might hold for NASA. Missions to earth have been slowed down over the years. Missions to earth are when NASA sends a probe into space to look at the earth. This is significant because it helped us know more about how the cloud systems work and how storms work. The missions to earth have started to slow down. The missions to earth in the 1990’s were everywhere and for everything. Today, the Missions to earth are not so common. Many are done with, twenty-nine to be exact, twenty-seven are still operating, watching the earth, nine are under development still, and only five are being studied. This change means that NASA will not have as many missions to earth as before, maybe not any in a few years. This is concerning because it means that there could be something very alarming going on above the earth that might be very serious. NASA is ready to do amazing things. They plan to send astronauts to the moon for six months in only six years from now, 2020. NASAShow MoreRelatedNASAs Future Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Obama’s plan would change not only NASA’s objectives but also its budget – turning NASA’s sights towards Mars and near-by asteroids (Malik) and increasing its budget nearly 6 billion dollars over the next five years (Foust). This new plan has aroused both praise and criticism from the public and many key politicians and astronauts. Unfortunately there continues to be ample time to debate the subject. Since Congress yet to settle on a 2011 budget, NASA’s new course has not been legislated. LeavingRead MoreNasa s The Space Of Space999 Words   |  4 PagesAfter NASA’s moon landing among other achievements during the Space Race, many Americans yearned to explore the depths of the unknown Universe. From quasars to brown dwarf stars, there are many w onders that the universe holds for the human race if we decide to leap into the exploration of the universe. Some may believe that reaching for the stars is too costly. However, the exploration of space is within our grasp, and by increasing NASA’s funding, we are able to reach them. So yes, we should fundRead MoreNas The National Aeronautics And Space Administration1218 Words   |  5 Pagesbrilliant minds and leaps forward in technology. In order for space exploration to be successful we need it to be a priority. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has long been a pioneer in the field of space exploration, but due to changing political attitude it is at risk to lose much of its funding. NASA should not have its funding reduced because: NASA develops the technology that benefits the public; their missions bring countries together; they are developing technology we willRead MoreThe Ethics Of Sending Astronauts Into Space1295 Words   |  6 PagesGatehou se, states, â€Å"Its research projects, all competitively selected, ranged from studying kidney stones and sleep habits to the more subtle understanding of cell biology and fluid in the brain.† (Gatehouse, â€Å"A Nation Mourns†). Gatehouse supports NASA’s mission by recognizing the experiments they conducted aboard the Columbia. They were risking their lives to try and save others. Almost two years after the space program had ended, NASA asked for the help of health and ethic experts to protect astronautsRead MoreIt is Crucial to Keep Funding NASA1057 Words   |  5 Pagesevidence that life could have once lived on Mars (Daines). Also, astronauts at the International Space Station have made progress on learning what the effects on humans are when living in space (Daines). These advances could not have happened without NASA’s innovative technology and their drive to learn and explore. However, there are many arguments that go against the information that NASA collects: â€Å"Critics argue that the scientific knowledge gained by manned space missions is largely irrelevant toRead MoreThe Is Low Earth Orbit : Relevance Of The Science Fiction Article1409 Words   |  6 Pageslow Earth orbit. However, the lower you orbit, the less space there is as the surface area of an orbital path drops off as a squared function with the altitude. The obvious problem is this- How do we control the risk factors with â€Å"crowded skies,† while making sure that the market develops in a healthy, non-monopolistic way? NASA’s Commercial Orbit Transportation Services (COTS) program, managed by the Commercial Crew and Cargo Program Office (C3PO) is attempting to start the private industry in theRead MoreFinding The Difference Between Excellence And Disaster On A Real Life Project The Challenger Shuttle Disaster1598 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the booster and burn through the external fuel tank, causing the Challenger damaged. However, after problems searching, the Commission disclosed lack of proper communications between different levels of NASA management. The poor management accounted as a main reason that caused the shuttle disaster. CHAPTER 3 Review of the literature The Challenger shuttle disaster is known as NASA’s unfaithful and negligence over the project. The failures of launching this shuttle lead NASA to find out theRead MoreThe Space Of Space Exploration1464 Words   |  6 Pagescollege educated people. The answers to the most deep-rooted questions of humanity lie in space. Who are we, why are we here? Are we alone? Why spend money on spaceflight when we have plenty of problems here on earth? The money that we spend on spaceflight will circle around to solve the pressing problems back at home. Why use humans instead of robots? Nothing can match the tenacity and adaptability of a human and the sense of accomplishment achieved by human exploration. These things are just asRead MoreSpace Exploration : The Space Program959 Words   |  4 Pagesworldwide (Howell n.pag.). During NASA’s creation in 1958, no one could have anticipated the real world application that many of the technologies invented at NASA could actually change t he world. Over 100,000 people worldwide currently survive via artificial heart pump; however, the artificial heart pump would never have been possible without the genius minds at NASA. In 1995, Dr. Michael DeBakey teamed up with NASA to design an artificial heart pump based on the design of NASA’s space shuttle fuel pumpsRead MoreThe Benefits of Space Exploration Essay824 Words   |  4 Pagessetting foot on other planets, the spirit of exploration is the same. Bur now with the current economic situation and the high cost of sending people to space, NASA is being looked at as a way to free up some much needed funds. Although, there is many problems here on planet Earth that need addressing, the benefits of space exploration far out weight the disadvantages. Space exploration has given us more advanced technology, advances in the medical field, and a boost to the economy and these facts cannot

Looking At The Advanced Technology Of Construction Construction Essay Free Essays

The demand on application of advanced engineering in building industry necessitates uninterrupted employment of new engineering work force and geting of latest machinery. A building house would necessitate a immense investing in order to last in acquiring new occupations. Therefore, really frequently, a building undertaking is managed by a general contractor, which sublet the plants out to different subcontractors so that the general contractor can salvage on building cost to vie in monetary value [ 1 ] Subcontractors are specialist in the executing of a specific occupation, they act as a agents of the production system of the contractor company in providing stuffs, work force, equipment, tools or designs [ 2 ] . We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At The Advanced Technology Of Construction Construction Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Chiang [ 1 ] concludes that farm outing is indispensable to salvage building cost of general contractors to vie on monetary value. Teixeira A ; Couto [ 3 ] besides agreed that increasing of specialization thorugh subcontracting can help in achieving the undertaking objectives. When the range of work and logical dependences between subcontractor plants are non to the full understand by general contractor and proprietors, it became a critical job to the success of complex and fast-paced undertakings. Cost judicial proceeding and disgruntled clients due to the struggle between general contractor, subcontractors and other undertaking participants would so followed [ 4 ] Subcontractor Subcontractor is a common term used in building. Due to the singularity of each building undertaking, the work force is transeunt, multiple trade are involved, each undertakings are planned and worked in short clip frames, and assortment of stuffs and equipments required, one individual building undertaking is frequently sublet to many subcontractors [ 2 ] , [ 5-12 ] . Subcontractors can lend more than 50 % [ 13 ] , and can be every bit much as 90 % of entire undertaking value to a building procedure [ 5 ] . A building undertaking is awarded to a general contractor or premier contractor or chief contractor or chief contractor, which resorts their work out to specialise outside house to transport out specific undertaking activities. General contractors are responsible for pull offing the undertaking such as contract disposal with clients, undertaking funding, stuff and equipment procuring, and supervising the undertaking advancement [ 14 ] . Harmonizing to Albino A ; Garavelli [ 13 ] , the general contractor ‘s perfomance are strongly dependent on subcontractors. This statement is reinforced by Mbachu [ 15 ] which stated that the ability of the general contractor and adviser to present the undertaking within clip, quality and cost depends mostly on public presentation of subcontractors. A subcontractor is a building house that contracts with a general contractor to execute some facet of the general contractor ‘s work. In most building undertakings, a critical function is played by subcontractors who are hired to execute specific undertakings on a undertaking. In the usual instance, the general contractor will execute the basic operations and farm out the balance to assorted forte contractors. Subcontracting is used much more extensively on lodging and edifice building undertakings than on technology and industrial undertakings [ 16 ] . Types of Subcontractors Attempts have been meade to distinguish subcontractors. In Hong Kong, Ng et Al. [ 6 ] classified subcontractors to ( i ) equipment-intensive subcontractors ( who are hired due to their specialized works and equipments ) , and ( two ) labour-intensive subcontractors ( those who are hired as a consequence of their specialized labour resources. Costantino et Al. [ 17 ] revealed that labour-only subcontractor beneficial the subcontractor by cut downing the cost of mobilisation and buying stuff. Furthermore, it besides offers economic advantages to the general contractor by avoiding the mark-up of full subcontracting. Quality jobs and claims may still happen in acquiring the supply of stuff for application of this labour-only subcontractor. Therefore, some general contractors prefer full subcontracting to switch hazard and liability. Partnering relationship between general contractor and subcontractors were proposed to make a win-win state of affairs [ 5 ] , [ 18 ] . Harmonizing to Lee et Al. [ 18 ] , this long-run relationship must be established to avoid adversarial relationship between general contractor and subcontractor. Several types of relationships between general contractor and subcontractor are discussed, competitory relationships and strategic relationships were among them. Comparison theoretical account based on dealing cost for both general contractor and subcontractor are developed severally for each relationship. Multilayer Subcontracting Further subcontracting by subcontractor, or called multilayer subcontracting/latent subcontractor, let the subcontractor to be less vulnerable to fluctuation in concern, have more flexibleness in work force coordination, and be able to cut down cost of direction [ 7 ] . In Turkish, pattern of farm outing work by subcontractors to secondary subcontractor is widespread [ 19 ] . A survey on 35 general contractors and 56 subcontractor organisations revealed that most of them are willing to sublease their work under overload of work or clip force per unit area. When â€Å" latent † subcontractor happened, the extent of subcontracting is even larger. â€Å" Latent † subcontracting, or multilayer subcontracting is the farther farm outing down the watercourse by subcontractors with or without the cognition or consent of the general contractor or client. This has been alleged to be one of the major causes of hapless building quality and building site safety in Hong Kong [ 1 ] , [ 7 ] . Ekstrom et Al. [ 20 ] argues that payment to the 2nd grade subcontractor/suppliers can be portion of the public presentation measuring when measuring subcontractor. Problems of Subcontracting Ability to pass on and organize the work of subcontractors has been identified as one of the chief conceptual determiners of building undertaking direction competency in China [ 21 ] . Subcontractor failure has been listed as one of the hazard allocated to general contractor in building contracts [ 22 ] . This is supported by El-Sayegh [ 23 ] which stated that subcontracting is hazardous and can take to low quality, delayed completion and insecure pattern. Another hazard created by subcontractor is the possibility of them to transgress contract and difference with the general contractor. Hence, subcontracting has been listed as one of the important factors doing hold United Arab Emirates [ 24 ] , [ 25 ] and Malaysia [ 26 ] , [ 27 ] . PERTINENT STUDIES ON SUBCONTRACTOR Focus of research workers goes to either finding the components of farm outing or developing new approaches/techniques to choose and/or manage subcontractors. Subcontractor has become an issue on its ain, separated from selection/management of general contractor by client/consultants due to its complexness. Numerous subcontractor choice and monitoring theoretical account has been proposed [ 4 ] , [ 13 ] , [ 28-30 ] . Choice of Subcontractor Many choice methods of subcontractors has been proposed in the literature. Arslan et Al. [ 28 ] developed a web-based subcontractor rating system ( WEBSES ) to ease the choice of subcontractors. The standards for measuring was identified by calculators of building house in USA based on a database of about 4000 subcontractor houses. Ng A ; Luu [ 31 ] developed a theoretical account for subcontractor enrollment determination through case-based logical thinking attack. 12 experts were interviewed to supply indispensable stairss needed for distinguishing good and bad subcontractors. The theoretical account developed use each properties ‘ calculated evaluations for designation of fiting instances and similarity mark of each single instances. The historical information of subcontrators can be retrieved and utilize for the current rating. Weighting of all atributes can be easy modified harmonizing to the users penchant, therefore the effectivity of this theoretical account is still really much depends on the experience and cognition of users. Manoharan [ 32 ] proposed a subcontractor choice method utilizing Analytic Hierarchy Process ( AHP ) based on 29 questionnaires collected from contractors involved in building undertakings located at Putrajaya, Malaysia. It is an Adept System to help the chief contractors in doing their determination by utilizing pairwise comparing. The determination shaper will necessitate to do their ain opinion on the comparative importance of each component with regard to the elements at a higher degree. Argument might happen when the opinion of different determination shapers are diverse. As an attempt to cut down the incidents of hold, and other possible jobs that might be originated from the jobs of choosing the incorrect sub-contractor, this survey aims to spread out the sample of survey as suggested by Manoharan [ 32 ] in the attempt of create an more dependable and applicable sub-contractor choice theoretical account. Management of Subcontractor Choosing the right subcontractor does non vouch the success of a building undertaking. Coordination and monitoring of subcontracted work during the building phase is indispensable. Ko et Al. [ 33 ] developed a Sub-contractors Performance Evaluation Model ( SPEM ) by using Evolutionary Fuzzy Neural Inference Model ( EFNIM ) . Subcontractors were evaluated by field overseers harmonizing to the types of subcontract. Different rating factors were adopted for different subcontract to accomplish just rating. Albino A ; Garavelli [ 13 ] proposed a evaluation system for direction of subcontractor by utilizing nervous web. An application instance related to the rating of possible subcontractors viing for a command has been used to demo the practical execution of this nervous web. In accessing the rival subcontractors, the determination shaper have to see five chief parametric quantities, viz. monetary value decrease, clip decrease, technical/qualitative feature of the command, contractual dependability of the rival, and direction accomplishments of the rival. The web will suggest a suited subcontractor based on old determinations made by the expert. Therefore, illustrations of old determinations need the expert to be inserted into this nervous web. Dainty et Al. [ 34 ] focused on supply concatenation ‘s direction from the position of subcontractor. The function of subcontractors in UK building industry is explored and followed by proposal of a model for turn toing current barriers to provide concatenation integrating. Decision Subcontractor has become a great topic to all the practicians in building industry due to the common pattern of subleasing building works into smaller bundles in building industry. Effective subcontractor choice and monitoring which can minimise the job would find the success of building companies. Problems of subcontractors, if ignored, can do an huge impact to the building undertaking, and can widen into the operation of the general contractor ‘s administration. Therefore, attending shall be given to the issues of subcontractor, which is the chief participant in about all the building undertakings. How to cite Looking At The Advanced Technology Of Construction Construction Essay, Essay examples

Inequality in Access to Modern Contraception-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInequality in Access to Modern Contraception in Nigeria. Answer: Introduction Health Care Issues are prevailing every nations of the world. This study emphasizes on Inequality in access to modern contraception in Nigeria. The use of the modern conceptive medicines has been unequally divided in Nigeria. This has created several problems for women in the country. The uptake of the contraceptive pills have caused disastrous effect on fertility of women. This report discusses about the challenges faced in Nigeria related to inequality in modern contraceptive. The Ottawa Charter has been discussed in the report with its implementation of the action area in this case. Data has been collected from the World Health Organization reports. This report outlines about critical analysis of the implementation of action area of Ottawa Charter in this case. The barriers in addressing this area of concern has been discussed in the report. Tis report focuses on strategies to mitigate these barriers and involvement of stakeholders into this matter. Ottawa Charter The Ottawa Charter is an international agreement made by World Health Organization (WHO) for health promotion. Health Promotion is process that enables people for increasing control over and improving the health care services in various health care organization (World Health Organization, 2017). Health promotion focuses on achieving equity on health care. It depicts equality in achieving heath care services for individuals. Health Promotion strategy requires identification of obstacles for securing adoption of health care policies in non-health sectors. In this case, health promotion in Nigeria has been focused by implementing one of the action area of Ottawa Charter. According to the case study, creating supportive environment is the action area that can be used in this case. A supportive environment is required in maintaining the statistical data regarding this case. The condition in the Nigeria has been worse by inequality in use of modern contraceptive. According to the survey done by WHO in Nigeria, there has been reduction in fertility by one child per woman. This has caused 13% reduction in GDP of the country in 20 years. Studies revealed that 30% to 40% of maternal deaths and 90% of induced abortion has occurred due to inequality in use of contraceptive (Fry Zask, 2016). Contraceptive use have minimizes the fertility rate and increase in threat of abortion among women in Nigeria. Fertility decline in an area is demographic depended, consequent reduce in poverty, enhancing economic growth and contributing to families and societies. Therefore, by supportive environment, the mentality of the human beings can be changed. Equality in the use of contraceptive for women might enhance. This policy have helped in maintaining the fertility rate in Nigeria. The supportive environment for use of modern contraceptive by women helps in controlling the rate of abortion and increase the rate of fertility in Nigeria. The family planning has been key option for the couples in the country. Before 1980s, family-planning programs was not a priority in Nigeria (Mendes, Plaza Wallerstein, 2016). Later on, this program has gained attention with the implementation of various policies by the Nigerian government. The policies include Nigerias National Population policy 1988. This policy was revised in 2004. The policy focuses on enhancing the use of modern contraceptives for health goals. The target for policy was to increase the use of contraceptive up to 80% among women (Lee, 2015). The revised policy concludes for a reduction to 75% by 2015. The fertility rate has reduce by 0.6 children per woman every five years and there is a 2% annual increase in proportion of women using contraceptives. Nigeria developed a blueprint for accelerating uptake of f amily planning with a target of increasing the national contraceptive prevalence rate to 36% by 2018 (Davies et al. 2014). According to 2013 NHDS, awareness about contraceptives is more and uptake is low. Only 15% of married women are using contraceptive and 10% are using modern family planning techniques. The statistic variables might be relieved by natural and behavioral components, for example, fertility, sexual movement and want for kids. African social orders are genius natalist, trust that kids are blessing from God, and are social and financial ventures; this has negative suggestions on utilization of contraceptives (Stock, Milczarski Saboga-Nunes, 2016). Couples and women who want more kids are less inclined to utilize contraceptives. Studies have discovered that a reverse relationship exists between quantity of living youngsters and utilization of present day contraceptives (Chen et al. 2016). A solid relationship has been found between womens training, particularly finished essential training and passage into auxiliary level, and ripeness decrease. A few examinations have detailed that womens instruction has a solid positive effect on prophylactic utilize (Gagn, T., Lapalme, J., Leroux, 2017). In Nigeria, training has been found to increment prophylactic utilize. Free of socioeconomic factors, information of contraceptives is determinant of prophylactic utilize. Introduction towards mass communications affects family planning arranging through ideation, which has been found to add to watched fertility decline. Proof from various researches uncovers that introduction to broad communications messages advancing family arranging may influence preventative conduct. In Nigeria, utilization of present day contraceptives, the expectation to utilize them, want for less youngsters were observed to be related with introduction to media message about family arranging. Planning Several steps are required during planning a project. In this, case the use of modern contraceptive among women has been described. The steps that are involved in the planning has been mentioned below: Understanding the timeline, resources, budget and contracts needed to implement the interventions Identification of stakeholders and ensuring appropriate participation and partnership Priorities interventions Phase in programs implementation. For completing a project plan: Prioritize interventions by ability for providing possible gain given the cost and available resources Preparing a budget Constructing a project implementation plan Arranging contracts for delivery of services and agreements on collaborative action Establishing a monitoring system. Challenges There are various challenges in implementation of equality in the use of modern contraceptive. These challenges are described below: Lack in Awareness There is a lack in the Nigerian people regarding the use of the contraceptive for women. The education system of the country is bad that have caused low literacy rate in the country. Therefore, there is an inequality in using the modern contraceptive among women. Due to inequality, the fertility rate of the country has been continuously decreasing by years (Eckermann, 2017). The consequences of the abnormal use of contraceptive in the society has been worse among the women. The health of women has been continuously degrading. Therefore, there is requirement of awareness among the people of Nigeria. Lack in policy The policy against these misconduct activities in the country has not been yet implemented properly. This have caused imbalance in the reproduction rate of the country. The improper use of contraceptive have caused different problems (Sarmiento Sarmiento, 2017). The government of Nigeria has not concerned about this problem. There is no strict policy made by the government against the inequality in the use of the modern contraceptive. Demographic In Nigeria, most of the married women plan their pregnancies without the use of the modern contraceptive. They stop child bearing without using the modern contraceptive. This has affected the reproduction rate in the country. Many women are having their child before 18 years of age, which is detrimental for both girl and child (Kickbusch Nutbeam, 2017). This causes high risk in the life of the girl. The use of the modern contraceptive can help them in this situation. However, they are not using the modern contraceptive. The Ottawa Charter has been an important part of the history in the field of health promotion among people. The ideas associated with the application of the Ottawa Charter has been properly magnified in the first part. The post colonialism gives a framework that depicts destabilized dominant Western discourse. The feature of post-colonial theory is to examine of the effect and legacy of the European colonization. It helps in recognizing the colonial assumption and consequences having inequality in the health promotion. It draws attention towards the Western culture and colonial activities in the society (Furber et al., 2017). The Ottawa Charter have helped in implementing equality among the colonial. The Postcolonial standpoint has been critical for considering different way by which particular colonial vision of the global health has been mobilized. In the case of Nigeria, the inequality in the use of modern contraceptive has been depicted in the paper. The implementation of the Ott awa Charter have helped in mitigating these problems in the country. As argued by (Dyment et al., 2017), in the wider context of Ottawa Charter has its own production that puts in practice with the help of generalized principle. The critical examination of the context of the Nigerian people regarding the use of the conceptive has been performed for implementing the Ottawa Charter. The action areas of the Ottawa Charter has been decided including creating supportive environment (McFarlane et al., 2017). A supportive environment helps in maintaining proper use of the modern contraceptive among women in Nigeria. Proper knowledge and awareness regarding the use of the contraceptive is required among the people pf Nigeria. This might help in understanding them about the use of the modern contraceptive. However, it is difficult not to see colonial imagination at work in a charter that is concerned with the Nigerian context. Various range of strategies are discovered for the implementation of the Ottawa Charter for maintaining balance in the use of the modern contraceptive in Nigeria. The health promotion have become a channelized process in the industry that is required by every organization. The use of the modern contraceptive have helped in maintaining the birth rate of child (Alami et al., 2017). The implementation of the Ottawa Charter in the Nigerian area have helped in maintaining the reproduction rate of the child. The mortality rate of the country has been balanced. The health promotion campaign under the Ottawa Charter have helped in providing awareness about the modern contraceptives among people in society. Emotions and social identity affects the colonial activities in the country. People are socially and emotionally attached to their loved one and require proper health care. The health promotion have been properly managed in the country for helping women from miscarriage. As commented by Eckermann, (2017), the use of the modern contraceptive have helped in providing proper solution for the problems faced by women in Nigeria. The use of the modern contraceptive have provided various approaches for the women in their marriage life in Nigeria. The women in the society are benefited from the action area implemented by the Ottawa Charter. The positive normalization of the health promotion in the western countries have able to position this action area for intervention of everyday behavior of people. The Ottawa Charter masked power imbalances and Western-centric worldviews, while also silencing non-Western voices. Conclusion It can be concluded that the Ottawa Charter have helped in maintaining the equality of use of modern contraceptive among women. The research has focused on inequality in use of modern contraceptive in the Nigeria. The Ottawa charter has been briefly described in the report. The factors implementing in the Ottawa Charter has been properly discussed in the chapter. A critical analysis has been provided at the end of the report that help in proper understanding about the implementation of the Ottawa Charter for health promotion in Nigeria. References Alami, H., Gagnon, M. P., Ghandour, E. K., Fortin, J. P. (2017). Reorientation of health services and health promotion: a review of the situation.Sant Publique,29(2), 179-184. Chen, T. H., Huang, J. J., Chang, F. C., Chang, Y. T., Chuang, H. Y. (2016). Effect of workplace counseling interventions launched by workplace health promotion and tobacco control centers in Taiwan: An evaluation based on the Ottawa charter.PloS one,11(3), e0150710. Davies, S. C., Winpenny, E., Ball, S., Fowler, T., Rubin, J., Nolte, E. (2014). For debate: a new wave in public health improvement.The Lancet,384(9957), 1889-1895. Dyment, J., Emery, S., Doherty, T., Eckhardt, M. (2017). 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